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Delivery valve
The delivery valve closes off the high-pressure line from the pump. It has the job of relieving the pressure in the line by removing a defined volume of fuel upon completion of the delivery phase. This ensures precise closing of the injection nozzle at the end of the injection process. At the same time, stable pressure conditions between injection pulses are created in the high-pressure lines, regardless of the quantity of fuel being injected at a particular time. The delivery valve is a plunger-type valve. It is opened by the injection pressure and closed by its return spring. Between the plunger’s individual delivery strokes for a given cylinder, the delivery valve in question remains closed. This separates the high-pressure line and the distributor head’s outlet-port passage. During delivery, the pressure generated in the high-pressure chamber above the plunger causes the delivery valve to open. Fuel then flows via longitudinal slots, into a ring-shaped groove and through the delivery-valve holder, the high-pressure line and the nozzle holder to the injection nozzle. As soon as delivery ceases (transverse cutoff bore opened), the pressure in the high-pressure chamber above the plunger and in the high-pressure lines drops to that of the pump interior, and the delivery-valve spring together with the static pressure in the line force the delivery- valve plunger back onto its seat again (Fig. 11).
Delivery valve with return-flow restriction
Precise pressure relief in the lines is necessary at the end of injection. This though generates pressure waves which are reflected at the delivery valve. These cause the delivery valve to open again, or cause vacuum phases in the high-pressure line. These processes result in post-injection of fuel with attendant increases in exhaust emissions or cavitation and wear in the injection line or at the nozzle. To prevent such harmful reflections, the delivery valve is provided with a restriction bore which is only effective in the direction of return flow.
Constant-pressure valve
With high-speed direct-injection (Dl) engines, it is often the case that the “retraction volume” resulting from the retraction piston on the delivery-valve plunger does not suffice to reliably prevent cavitation, secondary injection, and combustion-gas blow-back into the nozzle-and-holder assembly. Here, constant-pressure valves are fitted which relieve the high-pressure system (injection line and nozzle-and-holder assembly) by means of a single-acting non-return valve which can be set to a given pressure, e.g., 60 bar (Fig. 13).
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